The western entrance to Kakadu is still a long distance from the center of the park...it is huge!

The Road to Kakadu -- Part 1 of My 2019 Australian Rock Art Adventure

Prologue

Truth be known, I have yearned to visit Australia since 1986 and the first time I saw the movie Crocodile Dundee with Paul Hogan.  That yearning was stoked in 2017 when I attended a lecture by two Australian archaeologists on the campus of Texas State University.  The focus of that lecture was not rock art, but after the lecture I retired to the library to explore Australian archaeology on the internet.  I was fascinated by what I found —  the rock art of Australia, especially northern Australia, is really something special.  As a result, I placed the Northern Territory of Australia firmly near the brim of my bucket list.  In the Fall of 2018 I began to form the outlines of a trip.  Honestly, the planning of a trip of this magnitude is almost as much as taking the trip!  I spent many, many hours, contentedly exploring Australia and Australian rock art on the internet, as the trip took shape.  The fruit of that labor is what you see on this blog post, my 2019 Australian Rock Art Adventure.  I hope you enjoy my digital recollections of this wonderful experience…

Getting There...The Road to Kakadu

During the planning phase of my trip, it did not take me long to decide that my first stop would be Kakadu National Park.  Kakadu is the crown jewel of the Australian parks in the north part of the country, and, in recognition of it’s amazing rock art, was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  To get to Kakadu, I decided to drive to the DFW/Forth Worth airport and take a direct Quantas flight to Sydney, then board a 5 hour flight north from Sydney to Darwin, which would serve as my staging point for Kakadu and the Northern Territory.  I boarded Quantas flight QF8 on the evening of Thursday, September 5, 2019.  We departed at 10:30 p.m. and arrived in Sydney at 6:25 a.m., Saturday, September 7, 2019.  The math is beyond me, but the actual flight time was 17 hours…I left on a Thursday and landed on Saturday!  After a rather frenzied dash through Australian customs and relocating to a domestic terminal, I boarded Quantas flight QF 840.  We took off around 9:00 a.m. and landed in Darwin at 1:30 p.m., Saturday, September 7, 2019.  Oh, and lest I forget, I stopped in Waco on the way to the DFW airport and visited the Mammoth National Monument…it was a great way to stretch my legs!

No archaeology at this national monument, but it is quite interesting none the less!
The main attraction is an enclosed excavation site where numerous mammoths have been found...an interesting place!
View from my seat on on the 17 hour flight to Sydney...this was the largest, nicest, and most stable plane I have ever flown on!
The northern coast of Australia was visible as we descended into Darwin on the flight from Sydney. The adventure begins!

Upon arrival at the Darwin airport, I collected my baggage and took a short cab ride over to Britz, where my hired Toyota Landcruiser and camping gear was waiting.  It took several hours to watch videos (how to operate the vehicle, the roof top tent, etc.) and for a young employee of Britz to show me all the features of the vehicle and my gear.  I don’t know if it was the jet lag, but by the time I pulled out of the Britz parking lot I was feeling a little overwhelmed.  I was quite nervous as I negotiated the drive to my accommodations in Cullen Bay.  Driving on the wrong side of the road is a challenge at first, but I managed it without freaking out too many Aussies in the process.  I checked in to my sixth floor room, walked to the marina, and grabbed a bite to eat.  By seven p.m. I was in bed.  I slept soundly until midnight.  Unable to sleep, I took a long walk along the beach, the marina, and other areas around Cullen bay.  Then it was back to bed for a few more hours of shut-eye.

My hired landcruiser in front of my lodging in the Cullen Bay area of Darwin, Australia. I grew to love this vehicle!
The sunset view from my sixth floor balcony at Cullen Bay...so beautiful, it was surreal.
The beach was just a short walk from my apartment. It was beautiful in the moonlight.
My middle of the night walk took me past the Cullen Bay Marina, where it was calm and peaceful...lots of fish, too!

Sunday morning, September 8, 2019, found me up early, refreshed, and raring to go.  My goals for the day were to purchase necessary supplies, to see some sights around Darwin, and to get in significant driving time.  So I began my day by driving to  the Coolalinga area outside Darwin, where I knew there was a large Cole’s grocery store in a mall.  I had breakfast at the nicest McDonalds I have ever been to, then spent a couple of hours shopping for my supplies.

My first crocodile encounter, inside the mall at Coolinda where I shopped for supplies.
Fixing to load up the landcruiser with water and supplies. I was starting to get excited!

I departed Coolalinga, and headed east after turning onto the Arnhem Highway.  My goal was to get some driving time under my belt, and see some of the sites in the area, so I decided the Adelaide River would be my ultimate destination that morning.  It was a beautiful morning and I enjoyed the drive.  I spotted my first “kangaroo” (in truth, a wallaby), and my first termite mounds.  Unfortunately the wallaby was roadkill, by the side of the road.  I would see that often over the next weeks, very similar to the deer that are killed along roadways in central Texas.  I was so excited to see termite mounds!  Little did I know that they are literally everywhere, and I would see them every day for the rest of my trip.

The first of many hundred wallabys and kangaroos I would see along Australian roadways...very sad!
My first termite mounds. I would soon realize they are everywhere, and come in many different shapes and sizes.

I stopped at Beatrice Hill and Window on the Wetlands, which is a very nice informational facility that sits high on a hill overlooking the Adelaide River wetlands and floodplain.  I enjoyed the exhibits at the facility, and they helped me understand a number of things about the landscape, animals, and flora of the Northern Territory.

The Window on the Wetlands is a nice facility. It sits on Beatrice Hill, which plays a prominent role in a local aboriginal creation story, which they call a "Turtle Dreaming".
During my time in northern Australia, I encountered many fires...this exhibit helped me understand their purpose.
Termite mounds are very important to the ecology of a continent that originally had no hooved animals

From the Window on the Wetlands, I made the short drive down to a landing on the Adelaide River where one of the “Jumping Crocodile” enterprises is located (there are three in this area).  I chose the “Spectacular Jumping Crocodile Cruise” because it was convenient, and, as a smaller operation, supposedly had smaller boats and a more intimate experience.  Make no mistake, I had reservations about participating in this touristy activity, but I am glad I did.  I learned a lot about the crocs, and I doubt the practice of feeding them like this will probably not be allowed much longer.  Had I known that I would see many, many crocs in the wild during my time in the bush, I might have passed on the cruise.  I guess I wanted to make sure I could say I saw some crocs while in Australia.

This is a life sized replica of the largest recorded crocodile, over 8 meters long!
The boat dock on the Adelaide River. Each of the three cruise companies has a permit for a section of the river, where they keep detailed records of the crocs in that section of the river.
The cruise employees tie meat on a pole to entice the crocs to "jump". They know each crocodile by name and by their physical attributes and habits.

After my crocodile cruise, I headed back toward Darwin on the Arnhem Highway. I stopped at a small aboriginal community at Pudakul, and gave away my first gift to a little aboriginal girl named Rose.  They didn’t allow pictures there but trust me when I tell you she was extremely happy to receive a Texas coin purse filled with goodies from a strange talking visitor! I attended an AA meeting at 2 p.m. that afternoon in the little town of Humpty Doo.  We sat outside a small church, and shared our experience, strength, and hope.  They were very nice people, and treated me like a long lost friend.  AA is like that!  After my meeting, I stopped at the “world famous” Humpty Doo Hotel for a late lunch.  I had the mixed grill of buffalo, baramundi, chicken, and ribs, and it was delicious!

You occasionally see these small aboriginal entrepreneurial enterprises and they offer a peak inside the aboriginal culture. I just stopped in, said "hi" and gave away one of my little gifts.
The setting for our AA meeting at Humpty Doo. What a pleasant way to spend part of the afternoon!
Inside the small church at Humpty Doo. I enjoy visiting small churches in out of the way places...His presence is easily felt in these places!
Some say the name "Humpty Doo" is derived from the Australian slang term "umpty-doo", which means intoxicated. Other Australian terms for being drunk are "skew wiff", "tiddly", and "full"!
My mixed grill at the Humpty Doo Hotel and Tavern. I ate every bite!

After finishing my late lunch in Humpty Doo, I drove into downtown Darwin to see some of the urban sights.  Downtown Darwin is quite nice, sitting high above the harbour.  I was drawn to Christ Church Cathedral, a historic Anglican church, and spent some time enjoying the art and history of the worship space.  I also took advantage of this sacred place to spend a little time to relax, pray, and meditate.  I enjoyed the public spaces, the public art, and the wonderful views before heading back to Cullen Bay.

The old and the new...the Anglican Christ Church Cathedral in downtown Darwin, Australia.
I was fascinated by the spiral figure on the alb of the Christus Rex. It is from a drawing by Carl Strehlow, a lutheran missionary and anthropologist, and iconises the Holy Trinity.
"The Baptism of Jesus" by Peterson Nangjamirra from Western Arnhemland, painted in a mixture of traditional and aboriginal styles.
Stairs and a skyway lead to a view of the harbor area.
Habor view from the Darwin Skywalk.
A bronze sculpture of "Chinute Chinute", an aboriginal spiritual ancestor who exits within a nearby sacred site (Stokes Hill). There were a number of aboriginal people sitting around the sculpture....they did not allow me to take their picture.
The city logo of Darwin. The appearance of the Dragonfly in Darwin skies has always been recognised as a sign that change is in the air. The change from Wet to Dry and the change from Cyclone weather to clear skies.

After spending time downtown, I made the short drive back to Cullen Bay.  I was not really hungry, so I decided to make the 30 minute walk to Mindil Beach, which is known for it’s beautiful sunsets and the Sunday night market.  It was a pleasant way to spend my last night in Darwin.  Here are some photos from my walk to Mindil Beach…

View of Mindil Beach before walking down the trail to the beach level.
Such a beautiful and pleasant evening as the sun sets at Mindil Beach.
My favorite picture of the sunset at Mindil Beach.
As I got closer and closer to the Mindil Beach Market area, I enountered more and more people enjoying the beach sunset.
I enjoyed some coconut sorbet from one of the booths at the market. I also enjoyed the festive atmosphere and the people watching!
If you ever find yourself in Darwin, I highly recommend the Sunday night Mindil Beach Sunset Market!

Kakadu, at Last!

I  left Darwin early Monday morning (September 9, 2019) headed for Jabiru, in the heart of Kakadu National Park.  I stopped at the magnificent McDonalds in Coolalinga for breakfast, then enjoyed a pleasant drive into the park.  There is a nice bathroom and informational exhibit near the entry to the park, but not a manned ranger station.  Kakadu is huge, and it took several hours to get from the park entrance to Jabiru.

On my way to Kakadu, I saw many wallabys, and was able to get a half decent photo of this one.
Part of the informational display at the west edge of the park.
Two large, white Cock-a-Toos were hanging out near the bathroom at the park entrance, having a drink of water.

I arrived in Jabiru shortly before noon, and headed to the Bowali Park Visitor Center.  Most of the National Parks I visited in Australia didn’t have formal visitor centers, but the one at Kakadu was quite nice.  I spent a couple of hours looking at the exhibits, having lunch, and checking out the gift shop.  There was a young aboriginal man at the main information desk, in a ranger uniform.  He seemed very ill at ease and uncomfortable as I tried to ask a few questions, and seemed completely out of his element.  It is my impression that the programs that try to integrate aboriginals into roles such as this (Home Valley Station is the best known) have met with limited success.  Perhaps it was his first day on the job, but I felt sorry for him, as he awkwardly struggled in his role at the park.

The actual visitor center is not visible from the parking area, you have to make a little walk into the tropical landscape to get there....very nice!
The visitor center fits nicely into the tropical landscape. It is much larger than it appears at first glance.
They made a concentrated effort to expose us "guhbele" to the aboriginal language and culture at the center.
There was a nice informational kiosk near this beautifully painted rock that explained the seven seasons of Kakadu.
One of many beautiful artifacts on exhibit at the Bowali Vistor Center. I really enjoyed visiting this place!

And, Finally, the Rock Art of Kakadu National Park...

After spending time at the Bowali Visitor Center, I decided to head to Nourlangie Rock to get my first taste of the rock art in the park.  Nourlangie Rock is the common name for the area, while the aboriginals prefer that it be called Burrunggui (the upper part of the site) and Anbangbang (the lower part of the site).  After about a thirty minute drive, I found myself at the parking area.  Nourlangie is well signed, and has nice easy trails.  I spent a couple of hours exploring the shelter area, and the galleries at the site.  I began at the Anbangbang Shelter, then worked my way past the unamed gallery behind the shelter, the Incline Gallery (where you find the signature dance panel), and then on to the Main Anbangbang Gallery.  The rock art was plentiful, and interesting.  I enjoyed my time there, and did my best to take some photos that would capture the essence of this special place.  As a side note, on the trail I was introduced to the infamous Australian “Green Ants”.  I noticed an old gentleman in some distress, so I stopped to help him.  He had stepped off trail to break off a small branch of a bush to help keep the flies off of him and inadvertently got a branch that contained a next of Green Ants.  I helped him get his shirt off and rid of the pests.  It was the first of many times on this trip that I had to deal with Green Ants!

This sign gives the basic layout of Nourlangie Rock. I started out at the Shelter on the left and worked my way across to the Main Gallery.
The main panel inside the Anbangbang Shelter...
Part of the unnamed panel behind Anbangbang Shelter. This panel was busy, and beautfiful!
The "Dance Panel" at the Incline Gallery, located on the trail between the Anbangbang Shelter and the Anbangbang Main Gallery.
The Anbangbang Main Gallery. The large figure in the center is Namarndolg. To his left is Namarrkon, the Lightening Man. Below him is Barginj, Namarrkon's wife. This panel is thought to tell a story about aboriginal kinship laws.

After spending time at Nourlangie Rock, I decided to make the drive up to Cahill’s Crossing, where I would be crossing the East Alligator River early Wednesday morning on the way to Mount Borradaille.  I was quite nervous about making my first major river crossing, and I wanted to check it out and determine how long it took to drive to it from Jabiru.  Upon arrival, I parked at the carpark and walked over to the crossing.  It was low tide, so there was very little water over the roadway.  I watched several vehicles make the crossing, and it eased my mind.  Before returning to Jabiru I also stopped in the Border Store, where I checked on the tide schedules for Wednesday morning.  The gentelman at the store assured me that since high tide was at 9:30 on Wednesday morning, I should have no problem if I planned on crossing at first light.

A sign at the carpark gives a little of the history of Cahill's Crossing.
Cahill's crossing from the viewing platform above the East Alligator River.
This sign near Cahill's Crossing is quite serious, and periodically people are killed by the crocs in the area.
The Border Store is an entertaining place in it's own right. The owner was helpful, and his daughter was a delight, earning her a $2 bill from a strange talking Texan!

After calming my mind with a visit to Cahill’s Crossing, I decided to drive on north to the Ubirr Rock Art Site.  It was late afternoon, and, in retrospect, I probably should have allotted more time at this place.  But, I was able to see most of the art at Ubirr and the light was pretty good, so it worked out okay.  If I ever make it back to Kakadu, I would enjoy a more leisurely visit to Ubirr —  one that including some exploring and a hike to the viewpoint area.

Like Nourlangie Rock, Ubirr is a nicely developed site with ample parking, good signage, and nice trails.
Map of the Ubirr site...
Though damaged by natural processes, this painting of a fish is still impressive. It is located on the same low cliff as the Rainbow Serpent.
I saw many "Rainbow Serpents" at rock art sites in the Northern Territory. This one at UBirr was, by far, the most mundane.
This painting tells an aboriginal story that warns against stealing. The figure (Mabuyu) is adorned with a dilley bag, a goosewing fan, an atlatl, and barbed spears.
The ceiling of this small alcove (located a short climb above the Rainbow Serpent) had some interesting elements.
This panel is like a warning sign. The swollen joints of the central figure demonstrate what happens to you if you move rocks at a sacred site!

I finished up at Ubirr just before dark and drove back to Jabiru as the sun set.  It was a beautiful evening along the floodplain of the East Alligator River!  I checked into my accomodations at the Anbinik Kakadu Resort, grabbed a bite to eat and hit the sack.  I was one tired old man after a long and exciting day.  But early the next morning I was feeling refreshed as I drove south of Jaribu to the Nanguluwur Trailhead.  I had read that Nanguluwur involved a much longer hike than the other Kakadu sites, and that it was best photographed in the early morning light.

The sun was just coming up as I made it to the turn-off to the dirt road to the Nanguluwur Trailhead.
The trail to the Nanguluwur Rock Art site, which is located at the base of the rock formation in the distance. It was a peaceful, pleasant walk.
Still a little climb to go, but made it to the site. (Note the site is spelled differently than the signage at the road and at the trailhead.)

Just as I reached the Nangulurwurr site, I realized that I had not remembered to put my battery back into the Nikon after charging it the night before.  So I turned around and hiked back to the trailhead and loaded my spare battery into the camera.  I really didn’t mind, because it was a really pleasant morning for a hike!  I really enjoyed this site.  In fact, of the three sites I visited in Kakadu, this site was my favorite.  The art included a variety of styles and was better protected than Ubirr and Nourlangie.  I spent several hours enjoying this special place!

Nanguluwur is sometimes called Ship Cave, because of this panel, which contains a painting of a rigged sailing ship, complete with anchor chain on the bow and a dinghy on the stern.
Part of the famous panel painted by "Old Nym" Jimungurr, which contains a short-necked turtle and eight fish. His paintings overlay earlier paintings of a kangaroo and a painted forearm and hand.
A beautiful forked tail fish is part of the "Old Nym" panel....
The center figure is Algaihgo the "Fire Woman", the mythical woman who planted yellow banksia, used by the aboriginal people to carry fire from camp to camp.
A stunning rendition of Namorrodo, with the characteristic long twisted fingers and large dilley bag. This evil namarnde can steal a person's spirit, keeping it in his dilley bag.

By the time I finished up at Nangulurwur, it was almost 2 p.m.  I thought about driving back up to Ubirr, but instead, I headed further south into the park.  I had a relaxed lunch at the Cooinda Lodge (and drove around the Yellowwater Area) then visited the Warradjan Aboriginal Cultural Centre.  I headed back to Jaribu, had a shower, then enjoyed steak night at the  Jabiru Sports and Social Club.  I went to bed early that Tuesday night, excited to be heading to Mt. Borradaile early the next morning.  I slept well, and had sweet dreams about Kakadu!

Warradjan was a bit of a disappointment...pretty much just a big gift shop. But I enjoyed a great lunch on the beautiful grounds of the Cooinda Lodge!
Decided to eat with the locals at the Jaribu Sports and Social Club...interesting people watching!
One final Kakadu picture: me, in front of the large horizontal female namarnde spirit figure at Nanguluwur.