Canyon Towhee Gallery
Melozone fusca
eBird describes the Canyon Towhee like this: Large, stocky sparrow. Uniform matte brown body, with buffy throat and orange undertail. Forages primarily for seeds by running and hopping on the ground. Favors desert grasslands with scattered dense shrubs, rocky terrain, and other shrubby, dry habitats. Little range overlap with the very similar California Towhee. Unlike California, Canyon tends to shy away from neighborhoods and other human development. Instead, look for them in more remote areas. All About Birds adds this descriptive information about the Canyon Towhee: Canyon Towhees keep a low profile across their range in the Desert Southwest. These big, warm-brown sparrows are common on the ground and underneath shrubs in a variety of scrubby habitats, but they easily blend into the background. Look for a fairly long-legged, long-tailed sparrow that’s the same color as the dirt, with warm rusty brown under the tail. They look very similar to the widespread California Towhee (the two were once considered the same species), but their ranges don’t overlap.
I spotted my first Canyon Towhee near the campground at South Llano State Park on the early afternoon of September 2, 2020. This was the final bird I saw on my Birthday Birding Trip!
“Cool Facts” about the Canyon Towhee from All About Birds…
- Canyon Towhees are desert creatures and they pay attention to water supplies. They can nest twice a year, timing their attempts to coincide with winter and summer rains, which produce a flush of plant material and insects.
- Canyon Towhees’ seemingly simple songs contain lots of variation and have been well studied. In 1968, two scientists described this variation colorfully: “At its worst the song is a dull series of chips, but at its best it is a gay, sustained jingle to be compared with that of a titmouse. A male whose dawn singing has been dull and perfunctory during late winter and early spring will become transformed into a polished singer when his mate disappears to incubate….”
- Present-day Canyon Towhee and California Towhee were once considered the same species, named the Brown Towhee. Mitochondrial DNA, which traces genetic history along the mother’s gene line, provided evidence needed to split the two species.
- The oldest recorded Canyon Towhee was a male, and at least 7 years, 2 months old when he was recaught and rereleased during banding operations in Texas in 1998. He had been banded in the same state in 1992.